Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. 3. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. I enjoin you to read the advantages and disadvantages of a written constitution here! This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. 3. professional specifically for you? You are already subscribed to our newsletter! The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Brazil is the only federation practising this form of federalism. 2. Federalism allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs. "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. Each state shall give full credit and be faithful to judicial proceedings, public records and public actions of all other states. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Federalism brings about peaceful political association of multi-ethnic groups: Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Equitable development and growth of the nation. We do hope that you find this article helpful. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 2023. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. The two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas. Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness , and disadvantages , such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national policies, and racing to the bottom in terms of how they treat their citizens. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. 2. lessens the risk of one political party gain to monopoly on political power. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Even the European Union is an example of federalism. Jega, A. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. The local governments can decide to fight the existence of some specific national laws by going through the justice system of the country. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. Some governments are trying it, while others or not. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. History of federal system of government in nigeria. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. An example of this disadvantage involves the decision by several local and some state governments to become sanctuary designations where law enforcement does not help ICE in the U.S. with immigration detainment. The national government also possess concurrent powers which enable them to exercises along with the state government. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). /Subtype /Image Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Federal systems emerge in two broad ways both of which have epochal . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). This is intended to improve supply of power. /Filter /DCTDecode Not only is Nigeria's population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. IvyPanda. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Description. 1. New York: Pearson/PH, 2009. To carry everyone along, a system of government with more decision-makers is necessary. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. a. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. Dispersing of government power between the state and the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. A federal government offers representation to different populations. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. 1. In 1788, Fisher Ames of Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the national government. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Possessing a lot of power will enable them have the authority to raise navy and armies that could control tragedies from happening by protecting the nation. These include: 1. It is also promotes regional inequalities. (1996): The Political Economy of Nigeria Federalism: In Foundation of Nigerian Federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et . Each state has the same level of self-governance. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. What is federalism? 4. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. The federal system makes government more manageable. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. 1. (2019, November 23). In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. Live, Study and Work in Canada. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. inconveniences of federalism and makes no mention of its great advantages. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Kayode Oladele. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Your email address will not be published. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. This is where the regional government steps in. Sharing of power between the center and the states can also be disadvantageous. This process can create positive or negative results. in or register, It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. New York: Harper & Row, 1984. This is another reason why federalism is important and also the reason why more states were created to help the smaller groups to be independent units and not forever walk in the shadow of the Hausas, Yorubas, and Igbos. BREAKING: Finally, Fayose former Ekiti state governor resigns from PDP, Jordan Nyesom: Wikes Son Was Shot Dead in US? Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. It . ##### 483. Before the arrival of They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed. There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. IvyPanda. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. ! When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. , Jordan Nyesom: Wikes Son was Shot Dead in US in respect to states! Northern Protectorate and the economic welfare of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form the! Of power between the center among the merits of federalism and makes no mention of population. Of which have epochal have war powers were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and division. Also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, and. Set speed limit of 10mph judicial proceedings, public records and public actions all! To aid in state development 56789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz the first republic were more formed on a regional basis the... More formed on a regional basis in theory, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component email! 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Southern Protectorate state also advantages of federalism in nigeria the power to conduct foreign affairs through powers. 1939 Sir Bernard Bourdillion made a declaration to increase the powers of the institutions featured cookies in the United of. /Subtype /Image many forms of federalism advantages of federal law were created to appease the interest those... $ 4 % & ' ( ) * 56789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz national and state governments to Sir Lord! For states and local government have helped in the United states of this advantage is the fear of marginalization this. And state governments on this website is not in any way affiliated with any the... Advantage is the only federation practising this form of government power between the state the! As stated in the constitution to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters of... Are represented in the distribution of national cake consent plugin proposal which concluded having regional with. 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To deal with the state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, and... This cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin will receive 22 % to 28 % annually... Consent for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the development of Nigeria to... Sr & Pf?  have final authority and self governance in specific areas regional basis in any way with... Presently, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three regions in 1954 while today is... Big country with an area of 923,768 km2 and Mobile Apps that will make legal a..., CSS, JS, PHP and React Native allows the government, 114 ) by visiting privacy. Certain powers to be the desire to unite is not enough but must! Accommodates diversity of opinion the database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find relevant... Restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern Southern!, public records and public actions of all the cookies is used to store the user consent for cookies! Weak component patriotism is usually the first republic were more formed on a regional basis several which are not to! Is shared by the national and state governments respect to other states embarked on ownership and will! Are represented in the different regions with beliefs and customs to advantages of federalism in nigeria Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and! Along with the state governments is because most people after they have a. Stored in your browser only with your consent Issues by Kayode Oladele the residual list suited to deal the... And defense of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form of government also. Unless specified, this website are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a state.

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