Ac. Ferrante went to meet Skanderbeg, welcomed him in celebration and for several days gave him a grateful rest in Bari. [12][47], The barons who conspired were Antonello Sanseverino, Prince of Salerno, Pirro Del Balzo, Prince of Altamura, the Prince of Bisignano, the Marquis del Vasto, the Duke of Atri, the Duke of Melfi, the Duke of Nard, the Count of Lauria, the Count of Mileto, the Count of Nola and many other knights. [12][30], On November 16, the death of Giovanni Antonio Orsini Del Balzo, Prince of Taranto, deprived the Angevin front of its most influential boss and financier. Due to his excellent knowledge of languages and law, King Ferrante also ordered him to draw up an Italian translation of the articles of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Articuli et ordinatione of the Order of the Golden Fleece). Ferdinando I re di Napoli: Directed by Gianni Franciolini. The Barons, unable otherwise, accepted the agreement, which on 12 August 1486, with the participation of the Archbishop of Milan, the Count of Tendiglia, Ambassadors of the King of Spain and Sicily, he was accepted in the name of King Ferrante by Giovanni Pontano, famous scholar of those times. He was a popular prince but a short-lived monarch who died just after he regained his throne with the help of a Spanish army sent by his cousin Ferdinand II of Aragon. I cannot forget that since my childhood Your Holiness has been given to me as if by Heaven to guide me and so by the provision and commandment of the Father, and by the will of God I was handed over to Your Holiness and I want to be his until death. When the latter then left for France at the invitation of King Louis XI, the Pope and the King of Naples took the opportunity to strengthen the fragile relations with France, foreseeing, in perspective, the possibility of reaching an agreement to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.[42]. Ferdinand II (c. 1137 - 22 January 1188), was a member of the Castilian cadet branch of the House of Ivrea and King of Len and Galicia from 1157 until his death. Ferrante, always distrustful of the barons, pushed his subjects to greater economic vigor with the introduction of new measures that effectively allowed the entire population of the kingdom to enjoy greater freedom in daily life. He was very fond of books, so much so that his library, called Aragonese, was celebrated as one of the main ones of those times. In order to ensure a good future for his illegitimate son, his father Alfonso had called him to Naples. The heir to the throne Alfonso, commander of the Neapolitan army, was sent to war in Tuscany, where he managed to be proclaimed lord of Siena. Faced with a huge supply of money and a proposal of ultimate prosperity and wealth, anyone would be able to be seduced; so it was not for the Saint. The following spring the Venetians put into the sea an army of one hundred and twenty woods with troops commanded by the Duke of Lorraine, Ren II, who occupied Gallipoli, Nard and Monopoli with resistance.and other smaller places in the Otranto area. [25][58] In this time almost the whole kingdom had a great shortage of food and everywhere people could be seen dying of hunger, but the providence of the King purely took notice, using every means to make the condition of his peoples less sad. The whole company landed in Gaeta on 19 August, where Ferrante was reunited with his father, whom he hardly knew. The new structure started from the Durazzo castle of the Sperone, of which the Brava tower is still recognizable today, with the Torre Il Trono. The Pope on the other hand emphasized the help that Ferrante had received from his predecessor. The side facing the countryside was covered with blocks of high-strength gray piperno . In Naples he had as teachers Valla, Panormita, Borgia and Gabriele Altilio, who taught him for many years. He was modest in eating and in his manner of presenting himself, although elegant in his ways and in dressing, he inherited his father's love for ceremonial and magnificence, as evidenced by the welcome given to a Burgundian embassy in 1472, one of the greatest manifestations of princely splendor of the time, according to Pontano, and the celebrations on the occasion of the marriage of the Duke of Calabria with Ippolita Maria Sforza. Ottini L, Falchetti M, Marinozzi S, Angeletti LR, Fornaciari G (2010) Gene-environment interactions in the pre-Industrial Era: the cancer of King Ferrante I of Aragon (1431-1494). At the behest of the king, on 26 July 1438 the governor de Corella, the bishop Borgia and the young Ferrante, with their entourage of young Catalan gentlemen, set sail from Barcelona for Italy. Accepted the audience, Pope Pius II did not want to neglect the interests of the Church: the investiture was granted him, but with many conditions: Ferrante had to pay the unpaid taxes, perpetually help the Pope with every request, return Benevento to the Church and Terracina, and other conditions agreed in the name of the Pope by Bernardo, Bishop of Spoleto and in the name of the King by Antonio d'Alessandro. [38], Don Ferrante then completely overturned his policy, starting to secretly support the rebels of the Papal States, such as Niccol Vitelli who fought the pontiff for the possession of Citt di Castello. Among the conditions of the armistice there was that the prince was expelled from Puglia and the Duke John from all his fiefs. Teachers were also recruited into the Kingdom and, among the few foreigners appointed, only the Florentine Francesco Pucci found the Neapolitan environment tempting enough to remain there forever. Meanwhile, seeing his plan fail, the prince of Taranto attempted another enterprise: with the help of the barons and above all of Marino Marzano, who hated Ferrante mortally because the rumor had spread that the king had committed incest with his Eleonora Marino's sister and wife, they decided to call in 1459 John, Duke of Anjou, son of King Ren, who was still in Genoa, to convince him to undertake the enterprise of conquering the throne of Naples. In the 20112013 Canadian television series, In the 20132015 British-American fantasy series, In the 20162019 Anglo-Italian television series, A collection of letters in Latin was published under his name in 1585 with the title. more need, given that the Duke of Anjou was exhausted by the war, but that they had been sent only because the Pope demanded that the Duchy of Sora, the county of Arpino and that of Celano having once been the territory of the Church, they were returned to him. After this, the people continued to shout: "Long live the King Don Ferrando". A gifted humanist prince, Ferdinand was loved by the people, who affectionately addressed him in the diminutive Ferrandino. He claimed that payment was excessive even for the Kingdom encompassing both Naples and Sicily, and that since Sicily was ruled by his uncle, King John of Aragon, Ferrante and Naples should not pay the entire amount. [12][59], After so many political events, Ferrante continued to direct the state. Returning to the war, finally the Prince of Rossano capitulated and through Cardinal Roverella the peace treaty was concluded with some conditions, including a new parental bond: Ferrante had to grant Giambattista Marzano, son of Marino, his own daughter Beatrice, who she was immediately sent to Sessa by her aunt Eleonora as a sign of peace. Still in parliament, Alfonso, worried about the succession, promoted a petition, in which the barons, knowing they were doing the king a great pleasure, proposed to establish Don Ferrante as his future successor, with the title of Duke of Calabria, usually given to the first-born of the king of Naples. Ferdinand II (Italian language: Ferdinando/Ferrante 26 August 1469 - 7 September 1496) was King of Naples from 1495 to 1496. valiantly from the impulses of enemies. [2][3][4][5][6], He issued various social laws that in fact undermined the excessive power of the Barons, favoring small artisans and peasants. With heroism they resisted their pressure, so they paid with blood thinking that martyrdom and faith were the most precious thing.[25][43]. [12], As established by his father, Ferrante succeeded him on the throne of Naples in 1458, at the age of 35. The latter found the pope sick and therefore were never admitted to his audience. The thickness of the sections of curtain connecting the aforementioned towers reached in some cases even 7 meters, and consisted of blocks of yellow tuff . Pietro di Guevara, Grand Seneschal, died precisely of this affliction. In these days in the greatest turbulence and strength of strong pain, I have written to Your Holiness, giving you news of the death of the glorious memory of the King my Father. [25][58], In 1486 he participated in the war for the Duchy of Milan in support of the Sforza.[60]. Genoa and Savona rebelled and the Swiss entered Lombardy in November 1478, but Milan knew how to defend itself. His mother, Gueraldona Carlino,[11] was probably a woman of Neapolitan origin who in December 1423 had accompanied Alfonso on his return to Spain, where she later married a certain Gaspar Reverdit of Barcelona. 140 - King Ferdinand's woes (1458 - 1492) After the death of Alphonse the Magnanimous, his illigitimate son, Ferdinand, has quite a time managing to hold on to the kingdom of Naples what with revolting Barons, meddling popes and even an Ottoman invasion! On the throne he was succeeded by his son Alfonso II of Naples, who in turn abdicated very soon in favor of his own son Ferrandino due to the much feared invasion of Charles VIII of France, who in 1494 fell to Italy . In the Terra di Bari only Trani remained on the Angevin side, which the ambitious Sicilian Fusian was appointed by Ferrante to govern it and with the order to defend it. [12][56], The barons, although reassured by the Pope and the King of Spain and Sicily, knew Alfonso's cruelty and Ferrante's lack of faith towards them, remaining greatly afflicted by them. He is eventually tortured to death by King Charles VIII, who blamed him for the plague that swept Naples, and his body is placed in his father's gruesome "Last S. [12][57] Moving, however, was the speech and farewell that the Count of Sarno pronounced to his children from the top of the gallows. Ferrante managed to reach an agreement with the Turkish sultan, who unleashed his army against Venice which, forced to defend itself, was unable to rush to Florence to help. Ferdinand I (2 June 1423 - 25 January 1494), also called Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494. He was a very passionate man, he had an almost pathological attraction towards young women[68] and, despite the numerous lovers and concubines, he loved very much his wife Isabella di Chiaramonte, a woman of exceptional virtues, whose death greatly afflicted him. [12][18], Ferrante then called the barons and the people to the General Parliament, who swore loyalty to him, without any rancor. The young Alfonso, enthusiastic about the success of the enterprise, after having fired the Hungarian soldiers finally returned to Naples, where he was acclaimed by the people and where he found the help that had come from Portugal and Spain, which he sent back. In 1460, he was defeated at the Sarno by John II, Duke of Lorraine, and he was nearly captured. [12][39] When Riessinger returned to Rome in 1478, Francesco Del Tuppo took over as director of the printing house and was the most prolific of the printer in 15th-century Naples. Ferdinand II (Aragonese: Ferrando; Catalan: Ferran; Basque: Errando; Spanish: Fernando; 10 March 1452 - 23 January 1516) was the king of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. [62] Johannes Tinctoris, who defined himself "chaplain and musician of the king of Sicily", performed important functions in the service of Ferrante: chaplain cantor (archicapellanus), instrumentalist of ribeca and vihuela de arco (later known as viola da gamba ), tutor, composer and legal counsel. Wanting to prove his integrity - as it is said - Ferrante brought the saint to the parts of the current Piazza del Plebiscito and tempted him with a tray full of gold coins offered for the construction of a convent of the Minims in Naples, in the open space that today it is occupied by the colonnade of the Church of San Francesco di Paola. [12][29], Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, Ferrante's eldest son, who was less than 14 years old, was sent by his father under the protection of Luca Sanseverino to subdue Calabria. Many cities surrendered to Ferrante, such as San Severo, Dragonara, many lands of Mount Gargano and finally Sant'Angelo. [12][20], Ferrante, relieved of the Pope's death, immediately sent Francesco II Del Balzo, Duke of Andria , and Antonio d'Alessandro, famous Jurisconsult, to ask for the investiture of the new Pope and to render him obedience. Among the numerous personalities present in his court chapel we remember the Flemish music theorist and composer Johannes Tinctoris . Ferrante was solemnly crowned on February 4, 1459, in the Cathedral of Barletta and to thank the Pope, in 1461, he wanted Maria, his natural daughter, to marry Antonio Piccolomini nephew of Pius, giving her as a dowry the Duchy of Amalfi, the county of Celano and the office of Great executioner for her husband. Ercole d'Este, who had been made Governor of the Capitanata by Ferrante, seeing all the lands of his jurisdiction rebel, at the behest of his brother Borso went to serve the duke. 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